Can Graves' cause other autoimmune conditions?
As you may know, Graves’ disease is an autoimmune condition that affects thyroid function. But the thyroid isn’t the only part of the body influenced by this disease.
Autoimmunity means that for some reason, the immune system is attacking one or more areas of the body. And due to its autoimmune nature, Graves’ disease could lead to the development of other autoimmune disorders.
So if you’ve ever wondered about whether there’s a link between Graves’ disease and other autoimmune conditions, you’re in the right place.
Can Graves' Disease Cause Other Autoimmune Conditions?
To put it simply – yes. As the mechanism of autoimmunity is something that all autoimmune conditions have in common, you could develop any other autoimmune disorder because your Graves’ disease triggered it. And before you ask – yes, that even includes Hashimoto’s, although the two coexisting is considered quite rare.
But there are several specific disorders that Graves’ has been linked to in studies.
COELIAC DISEASE
According to research, Coeliac disease is more prevalent in those with autoimmune thyroid disorders including Graves’ disease. While they are still studying the reason why this occurs, it’s believed to be a shared genetic predisposition.
I generally recommend a gluten-free diet for those diagnosed with Graves’ – learn why here.
TYPE 1 DIABETES
Another common link with Graves’ disease is type 1 diabetes. There are reasons suggested by the research: a genetic link similar to Coeliac disease, or the autoimmune process itself.
Researchers theorise that when the immune system attacks the thyroid, it also targets the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This feeds into to the development of type 1 diabetes.
Unfortunately, having both can be a challenge. Graves’ disease affect blood sugar levels - both directly by changes in glucose uptake and metabolism and indirectly through weight fluctuations. So it’s important to monitor and manage your Graves’ to minimise these effects on type 1 diabetes if you have both conditions.
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
These two conditions have been linked in studies, with the most likely cause being autoimmune and/or genetic factors.
It’s important to keep in mind that MS medications can potentially induce hyperthyroidism or Graves’ disease. So this is definitely a two-way street to watch out for if you have MS and are concerned about your thyroid!
Lichen sclerosis
A lesser-known condition, this causes skin to become thin, white and wrinkly. It typically affects the genital areas, and can cause discomfort, itchiness, bruising and fragile skin.
There is still debate on the mechanisms of LS and whether it is solely autoimmune in nature. But there is quite a lot of overlap with autoimmune disease. One study found that almost 30% of patients with lichen sclerosis also had thyroid disease – a much higher rate than the general population.
Other autoimmune conditions associated with Graves’ disease
Studies have linked Graves’ disease with:
Rheumatoid arthritis
Lupus (SLE)
Addison’s disease
Vitiligo
Pernicious anaemia
Myasthenia gravis (higher risk in males)
Inflammatory bowel disease (higher risk in females)
What can I do to reduce my risk?
This is where managing your Graves’ is key. You’ll want to take care of your thyroid and immune system as well as monitor your thyroid hormones and antibodies. While it can’t guarantee that you’ll never develop a second autoimmune condition, this approach will reduce the risk.
THE POWER IS IN YOUR HANDS
When you receive a thyroid disease diagnosis, there’s a good chance you’ll feel overwhelmed and powerless. It could even be that you’re not clear on what’s driving it or where it came from!
But even if you’re still uncovering the cause, it doesn’t mean you need to suffer the symptoms forever! Your daily habits can make a massive difference – all you need to do is learn about your condition and empower yourself.